CEC, 2007
Full fuel cycle assessment: WTT energy inputs, emissions, and water impacts
The full fuel cycle is the combination of the WTT and TTW, which is also commonly referred to as a Well-to-Wheels (WTW) analysis. The California Energy Commission (CEC) has performed a WTW emissions analysis for a wide variety of alternative transportation fuels, considering criteria and greenhouse gas pollutants, as well as air toxic contaminants and multimedia impacts. The alternative fuels considered include gasoline and diesel baselines compared to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, ethanol, biodiesel, synthetic diesel, and electricity. For many of these fuels a number of different feedstocks and production methods were evaluated. The WTT emissions were quantified for 2012, 2017, 2022, and 2030.
